Chapter 12 Review

Feudalism- Way of life based on ownership and use of land.
Fief- They worked the land.
Lord- Owned the land.
Vassal- Used the land but agreed to be in the lords army.
Knight- Appionted warriors that fought for the king.
Chivalry- Code of honor that knights had to swear to.
Heraldry- Colorful, unique symbols, Similar to a Coat of Arms.
Castle- Heavily fortified dwellings built for nobles.
Joust- A sport played betwwen knights.
Tournament- jousting that lasted an entire day.
Manor- Estates that belonged to the nobles.
Serf- Farmers that worked on the manors.
Truce of God- No fighting on sundays.
Peace of God-
Burg- community of traviling merchants.
Middle class- Burgers, between nobility and peasents.
Trade fair- Merchants from all over.
Guild- Consisted of merchants, artisans, and craftsmen.
Black death- Form of Bubonic Plague, 25 million people died in europe between 1334-1351(almost half of the European pop).
Chaucer- He wrote Cantiberry Tales.
Trivium- Grammer, Rhetoric, and logic, part of the medieval cirriculum.
Quadrivium- composed of arithmetic, music, geometry, and astronomy.
Scholasticism-an attempt to synthesize Greek philosophy with romanism.
Brethren of the Common Life- promoted the cultivation of the spiritual life through Bible reading, meditation, prayer, and personal piety while following Christ and serving others.
Humanism-intense interest in the subjects of the humanities.
Patron-people who used their own money to support the arts.
Sistine Chapel- painted by michelangelo.
Medicis- a leading banking family who ruled Florence, Italy.
Thomas Aquinas-one of the greatest scholastics. an Italian.
William of Ockham- the other one of the greatest scholastics. an Englishman.
John Wycliffe- the most outstanding scholar at the oxford univesity in the 14th century.
John Huss- was hrelped by wycliffe's writings to "see the light" was martyred by the council of Constance.
Gerhard Groote- a dutch contemporary of Wycliffe. organized the bretheren of common life.
Dante- wrote some of the modern literature. wrote the divine comedy.
Petrarch- called the "father of humanism" wrote his z'letters to ancient authors" as if Homer, Plato, and others where still alive to recieve them.
Bocaccio- the 1st great writer of prose in a modern language, wrote about the black death.
Michelangelo- may have the greatest of the renaissance of all time. painted the sistine chapel.
Flanders- was the location of one of the earliest industries. made woolen goods.
Machiavelli- wrote the only book of lasting importance produced by the Italian Renaissance. "The Prince"
Giotto- changed the art of painting greatly. tried to make poeple and things look real.
DaVinci- "renaissance man" was talented in painting, engeneering, sculpting, iventing, and music Prague-oldest German university.